The expectations of salaried and middle-class individuals were high from the Union Budget 2026-27 on income tax. People were expecting changes in tax slabs, increase in standard deduction or additional relief in the new tax regime.

But instead of a shake-up in tax rates, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman opted for a complete overhaul of the income tax system. The government’s focus was on simplifying the law, making it easier to file income tax returns (ITRs), reducing compliance and resolving long-standing tax disputes.

Income Tax Act, 2025: Farewell to 60-year-old law
The biggest aspect of the Budget 2026 is the new Income Tax Act, 2025, which will come into effect from April 1 and will replace the six-decade-old law of 1961. The government has made it clear that the law will be revenue neutral, meaning there will be no change in tax rates.

The new law will reduce clauses and language by about 50%, remove ambiguous rules and try to reduce tax disputes. Also, ITR forms will be redesigned for general taxpayers to make the filing process easier.

1. Difference between mistake and intentional tax evasion

The Budget has clearly differentiated between under-reporting and incorrect reporting. If under-reporting is due to mistake or negligence, the penalty will be 50% of the tax amount.

However, if information is intentionally misrepresented or income is concealed, the penalty can increase to 200% of the tax amount. The government’s aim is to provide relief to honest taxpayers and curb intentional tax evasion.

2. Time to understand simplified ITR forms

The Finance Minister has announced that new and simplified ITR forms will be released soon in line with the new income tax rules. These forms will be tailored to the needs of general taxpayers and they will be given sufficient time to understand the changes. This move is being seen as a big relief for first-time ITR filers and small taxpayers.

3. More time for revised ITR

The government has proposed to extend the deadline for filing revised income tax returns. Earlier, the deadline was December 31, but now it will be extended till March 31, with a nominal fee. This will give taxpayers more time to correct mistakes and disclose missing income.

4. TDS refund facility even if ITR is filed late

A significant relief is that taxpayers will now be able to claim TDS refund even if they file their ITR late. There will be no penalty for late filing, only for claiming refund. This is especially helpful for salaried employees who face high TDS deductions and are unable to file their returns on time.

5. No interest on penalty during appeal

If a penalty is imposed in a tax case and the matter is pending before the first appellate authority, then interest will not be levied on the penalty amount during that period. Whatever the verdict, it will reduce the financial burden on taxpayers during protracted tax disputes.

6. 6-month special period for foreign assets

The budget has announced a six-month foreign asset disclosure scheme for small taxpayers. This is seen as a significant relief for students, technology professionals and those returning from abroad, which will allow them to rectify their past carelessness and not face any harsh consequences.

7. MAT relief and rate reduction

The budget also provides relief on Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT). Non-residents who pay presumptive tax will be exempted from MAT. MAT will be considered a final tax and its rate is proposed to be reduced from 15% to 14%. This is expected to reduce uncertainty for businesses and foreign taxpayers.

8. Small but impactful tax changes

The budget also includes several small but significant tax relief measures. Motor Accident Claims Tribunal judgments have been made tax-free. Under LRS, TCS on education and medical expenses has been reduced from 5% to 2%. Also, TCS on foreign travel packages has been reduced to 2%.

9, Strictness on investors and traders

There are also some changes that will directly impact investors and traders. STT on futures has been increased from 0.02% to 0.05% and STT on options from 0.1% to 0.15%. Along with this, the proceeds from share buyback will now be taxed as capital gains for all shareholders.

10. Tax rates have not changed, the system has changed

Overall, the income tax slabs have not been changed in the Budget 2026-27, but the tax system has been made a significant effort to make it simpler and more transparent. The government is emphasizing on simplified laws, easier filing, reduction of disputes and more time for taxpayers. While there may not be any reduction in direct tax rates, these changes could make the system more reliable for taxpayers in the long run.

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Avijit

A digital media professional with 4 years of experience, skilled in online content creation, media and information work, his goal is to regularly bring updates on government projects, scholarships and jobs to his readers.

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