How does Tuberculosis spread? What are its early symptoms? 

TB (Tuberculosis) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs, but can also spread to other parts of the body such as bones, brain, kidneys and spinal cord. World TB Day is celebrated every year on 24 March. Its purpose is to make people aware about TB (Tuberculosis) and promote efforts towards eliminating this disease.

What is Tuberculosis and how does it spread?

TB is an infectious disease that spreads through the air. When an infected person coughs, sneezes or speaks, the bacteria present in the small droplets coming out of his mouth spread in the air. If a healthy person inhales them, he may also be at risk of getting TB. What are the early symptoms of TB? The symptoms of TB develop gradually. Many times people ignore it thinking it to be a common cough and cold. But if these symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, it is important to get checked by a doctor.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

• Persistent cough (especially with mucus or blood).
• Weight loss for no reason.
• Always feeling tired.
• Mild fever (especially at night).
• Sweats at night.
• Loss of appetite.
• Chest pain or shortness of breath.

Tuberculosis in bones

If TB spreads to other parts of the body, different symptoms may appear, such as pain in the bones, swelling in the joints, lumps in the neck or body. Many such unusual symptoms start appearing. Sometimes TB disease also takes hold in the bones. A wound is formed there and pus starts coming out of it. This wound persists for a long time. But if treatment is started at the right time, then there is a possibility of its recovery.

How can Tuberculosis be prevented?

• Get BCG vaccine- This vaccine is given to children immediately after birth to protect them from TB.
• Maintain distance from the infected person- If someone has TB, avoid going too close to him and use a mask.
• Take care of hygiene- Make it a habit to wash hands and take care of cleanliness.
• Take a balanced diet- Eating nutritious food strengthens the body’s immunity.
• Get proper treatment- If you have TB, get proper treatment from a doctor. Do not stop taking medicine in between.